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How Did Life Begin?
- Stephen C. Meyer, Return of the God Hypothesis (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2021), 165.
- J.P. Moreland, Scaling the Secular City (Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2000), 221.
- Simon Conway Morris, Life’s Solution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 46.
- Meyer, Ibid.
- Meyer, Ibid.
- Meyer, Ibid.
- Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), 1.
- Gerald Schroeder, The Hidden Face of God (New York: Touchstone, 2001), 189.
- Nicholas Wade, “In Chimpanzee DNA, Signs of Y Chromosome’s Evolution,” New York Times, Sept. 1, 2005, A13.
- Cited in William A. Dembski and James M. Kushiner, eds., Signs of Intelligence (Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos, 2001), 108.
- Schroeder, 192–193.
- Nell Boyce, “Triumph of the Helix,” U. S. News & World Report, February 24/March 3, 2003, 41.
- Amir D. Aczel, Probability 1 (New York: Harvest, 1998), 88.
- Paul Davies, The 5th Miracle (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), 20.
- Michael J. Behe, Darwin’s Black Box (New York: Touchstone, 1996), 185.
- Sir Fred Hoyle, “The Information Content of Life,” The Universe Unfolding (Oxford: Clarendon Press, eds. Sir Hermann Bondi & Miranda Weston-Smith, 1998), 8.
- Cited in Meyer, 165.
- Aczel, 88.
- Francis Crick, Life Itself (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1981), 88.
- Aczel, 88.
- Antony Flew, quoted in video, “Has Science Discovered God?” Roy Abraham Varghese’s Institute for Metascientific Research in Garland, Texas, December 2004.
- Cited in Gary Habermas, “My Pilgrimage from Atheism to Theism”: Interview with Antony Flew, Philosophia Christi, (Winter, 2005).
- Stephen C. Meyer, “DNA and other Designs,” First Things, 102 (April 2000): 30-38.
- Meyer, Return of the God Hypothesis, 175.
- William A. Dembski and James M. Kushiner, eds., Signs of Intelligence (Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos, 2001), 108.
Where are Darwin’s Predicted Fossils?
- Charles Darwin, Origin of Species, 6th ed. (New York: University Press, 1988), 413.
- Darwin, 248.
- See previous chapter, “Darwin’s Challenge.”
- T. S. Kemp, Fossils and Evolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 253.
- Stephen Jay Gould, “The Evolution of Life,” Scientific American, October 1994.
- George Alexander, “Alternative Theory of Evolution Considered,” Los Angeles Times, November 19, 1978.
- Niles Eldredge, Reinventing Darwin (London: Phoenix Giant, 1995), 95.
- Ibid., 63.
- Richard Dawkins, River out of Eden (New York: Basic, 1995), 83.
- Stephen Jay Gould, “Is a New and General Theory of Evolution Emerging?” (lecture, Hobart and William and Smith College, February 14, 1980).
- Stephen Jay Gould, “Evolution’s Erratic Pace,” Natural History, vol.86, May 1977,14.
- Quoted in, Thomas Hayden, “A Theory Evolves,” U.S. News & World Report, July 29, 2002, 2.
- Wim Kayzer, “A Glorious Accident” (New York: Freeman, 1997), 92.
- Quoted in Lee Strobel, The Case for a Creator (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2004), 62.
- Ibid.
- Stephen Jay Gould, The Panda’s Thumb, (W. W. Norton & Company, 1980), 126.
- R. C. Lewontin, Human Diversity, (Scientific American Library, 1995), 163.
- Ian Tattersall, The Fossil Trail: How We Know What We Think We Know about Human Evolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), 246.
- John Maynard Smith, “The Importance of Gossip,” article in Rita Carter, Mapping the Mind (London: Phoenix Books, 2002), 257.
- Steve Olson, Mapping Human History: Genes, Race, and Our Common Origins (New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2002), 87.
- Ernst Mayr, What Evolution Is (New York: Basic Books, 2001), 253.
- Ibid., 252.
- Marcel-Paul Schutzenberger, “The Miracles of Darwinism,” La Recherché, January 1996.
- Lewontin, Ibid.
- Michael Denton, Evolution: A Theory In Crisis (Chevy Chase MD: Adler & Adler, 1986), 358.
- Lee Strobel, The Case For A Creator, (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan2004), 277.
Are Humans the Result of Evolution?
- Quoted in Lee Strobel, The Case for a Creator (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2004), 62.
- Ibid. 63.
- Stephen Jay Gould, The Panda’s Thumb, (W. W. Norton & Company, 1980), 126.
- R. C. Lewontin, Human Diversity, (Scientific American Library, 1995), 163.
- Ian Tattersall, The Fossil Trail: How We Know What We Think We Know about Human Evolution(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), 246.
- John Maynard Smith, “The Importance of Gossip,” article in Rita Carter, Mapping the Mind (London: Phoenix Books, 2002), 257.
- Ernst Mayr, What Evolution Is (New York: Basic Books, 2001), 253.
- Steve Olson, Mapping Human History: Genes, Race, and Our Common Origins (New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2002), 87.
- Lewontin, Ibid.
- Marcel-Paul Schutzenberger, “The Miracles of Darwinism,” La Recherché, January 1996.
- Mayr, 252.
- Tattersall, 219.
- Fazale R. Rana, “Neanderthal-Human Link Severed, “ Connections, Qtr 2, 2003, 8-9.
- Olson, 29.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid., 25.
- Olson, 86.
- Michael Denton, Evolution: A Theory In Crisis (Chevy Chase MD: Adler & Adler, 1986), 330-331.
- Denton, 331.
- Stephen Hawking, The Universe in a Nutshell (London: Bantam, 2001), 169.
- Carl Sagan, Cosmos (New York: Ballantine, 1985), 229.
- Gerald L. Schroeder, The Hidden Face of God (New York: Touchstone, 2001), 112.
- Ibid.
- Mayr, 252.
- Nicholas Wade, “In Chimpanzee DNA, Signs of Y Chromosome’s Evolution,” New York Times, Sept. 1, 2005, A13.
- C. D. L. Wynne, “The Soul of the Ape”, American Scientist, 89 (2001), 120-122.
- Carter, 312.
- Ibid., 298.
- Sagan, Ibid.
- Sir John Maddox, “The Genesis Code by Numbers,” Scientific American, December 1999, 62–67.
- C. S. Lewis, The Abolition of Man (New York: Macmillan, 1947), 45–49.
- Laurence W. Wood, Asbury Theological Journal 41, no.1 (1986).
- Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), 59.
- Stephen Jay Gould, quoted in Wim Kayzer, ‘A Glorious Accident’ (New York: W. H. Freeman & Co., 1997), 93.
- Mayr, Ibid.
- Mayr, Ibid.
Is a Designer Revealed in Creation?
- Lee Strobel, The Case For A Creator, (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan2004), 283.
- Fred Hoyle, “Let There Be Light,” Engineering and Science (November 1981).
- Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions—The World As I See It (New York: Bonanza, 1931), 40.
- Quoted in John Boslough, Stephen Hawking’s Universe (New York: Avon, 1989), 109.
- Stephen Hawking, A Brief History of Time, 174.
- Stephen Hawking, ed., Stephen Hawking’s A Brief History of Time: A Reader’s Companion (New York: Bantam, 1992), 142.
- Paul Davies, God and the New Physics (New York: Simon & Schuster, Touchstone, 1984), 199.
- Michael Denton, Nature’s Destiny: How the Laws of Biology Reveal Purpose in the Universe (New York, NY: The Free Press, 1998), Prologue
- Robert Jastrow, God and the Astronomer ((New York: Norton, 1978), 116.
- Arthur Schawlow, Biographical Memoirs V. 83 by Steven Chu and Charles H. Townes, (National Academies Press, 2003), 201.
- Francis A. Schaeffer, He Is There and He Is Not Silent (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1976), 9.
- William Lane Craig, The Kalam Cosmological Argument (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2000), 63.
- Francis A. Schaeffer, The God Who Is There (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1968), 118.
- Schaeffer, The God Who Is There, 119.
- Ibid., 123.
- George Smoot and Keay Davidson, Wrinkles in Time (New York: Avon Books, 1993), 17.
- H. G. Wells, quoted in Bruce Barton, “H. G. Wells Picks Out the Six Greatest Men in History,” The American Magazine, Vol. 94, July, 1922, 13-14.
Are the Gospel Accounts of Jesus True?
- Josh McDowall, The New Evidence That Demands A Verdict (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999), 42-43.
- Bruce M. Metzger, The Text of the New Testament (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), 86.
- Metzger, 38-39.
- Ibid.
- Will Durant, Caesar and Christ, vol. 3 of The Story of Civilization (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1972), 555.
- William F. Albright, Recent Discoveries in Biblical Lands (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1955), 136.
- William F. Albright, “Toward a More Conservative View,” Christianity Today, January 18, 1993, 3.
- John A. T. Robinson, Redating the New Testament (Philadelphia, PA: Westminster Press, 1976), 352.
- McDowell, 33-68.
- Norman L. Geisler and Frank Turek, I Don’t Have Enough Faith to Be an Atheist (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2004), 225.
- John Wenham quoted in Gary R. Habermas, “Why I Believe the New Testament is Historically Reliable,” Why I am a Christian, eds Norman L. Geisler & Paul K. Hoffman (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 2001), 149.
- J. P. Moreland, Scaling the Secular City (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2000), 134-157.
- Geisler and Turek, 256.
- Gary R. Habermas, “Why I Believe the New Testament is Historically Reliable,” Why I am a Christian, eds Norman L. Geisler & Paul K. Hoffman (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 2001), 150.
- Durant, 563.
- McDowell, 36-38.
- Metzger, 34.
- John A. T. Robinson, Can We Trust the New Testament? (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1977), 36.
- Quoted in Josh McDowell, The Resurrection Factor (San Bernardino, CA: Here’s Life Publishers, 1981), 9.
Is the Bible True?
- Richard Dawkins, A Devil’s Chaplain: Reflections on Hope, Lies, Science, and Love(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003), 245.
- http://quotes.lifehack.org/quote/richard-dawkins/the-bible-should-be-taught-but-emphatically/.
- Cited in Lee Strobel, The Case for Faith (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2000), 141.
- C. S. Lewis, The Inspirational Writings of C. S. Lewis: Surprised by Joy (New York: Inspirational Press, 1986), 122–3.
- C. S. Lewis, God in the Dock (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1970 ), 101.
- J. I. Packer, Knowing God (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993), 113.
- Citation from Surprised by Joy,http://home.comcast.net/~pegbowman/BritishSaints/LewisCS.htm.
- Genesis 1:1.
- Hebrews 11:3, J. B. Phillips.
- Brian Greene, The Elegant Universe (New York: Vintage, 2000), 81-82.
- Isaiah 40:21-22.
- George Smoot and Keay Davidson, Wrinkles in Time(New York: Avon, 1993), 17.
- Lawrence M. Krauss, “The End of the Age Problem and the Case for a Cosmological Constant Revisited,” Astrophysical Journal 501 (1998): 461–6.
- Hugh Ross, The Creator and the Cosmos, 3rd ed. (Colorado Springs, CO: NavPress, 2001), 175–99.
- Fred Hoyle, “Let there be Light,” Engineering and Science(November 1981).
- Edward Harrison, Masks of the Universe (New York: Norton, 1978), 116.
- Stephen Hawking, A Brief History of Time (New York: Bantam, 1990), 125.
- John Boslough, Stephen Hawking’s Universe(New York: Avon, 1989), 109.
- Paul Davies, God and the New Physics (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983), 174.
- Robert Jastrow, God and the Astronomers (London: W. W. Norton, 1992), 107.
- To read the major arguments for the two different interpretations of yom, see Rich Deem, “Genesis Clearly Teaches That the Days Were Not 24 Hours,” Evidence for God, http://www.godandscience.org/youngearth/genesis.html; and James Stambaugh, “The Meaning of ‘Day’ in Genesis,” Institute for Creation Research, http://www.icr.org/article/meaning-day-genesis/.
- Gerald L. Schroeder, Genesis and the Big Bang (New York: Bantam, 1990), 85.
- 2 Peter 3:8, NCV.
- Francis Crick, Life Itself (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1981), 88.
- Quoted in William A. Dembski and James M. Kushiner, eds., Signs of Intelligence(Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos, 2001), 108.
- Ibid., 115.
- Quoted in Gary Habermas, interview with Antony Flew, “My Pilgrimage from Atheism to Theism,” Philosophia Cristi (winter 2005).
- Cited in http://www.wsj.com/articles/eric-metaxas-science-increasingly-makes-the-case-for-god-1419544568.
- R. K. Harrison, Introduction to the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1969), 201.
- “The discovery of the codified Laws of Hammurabi (ca. 1700 B.C.), the Lipit-Ishtar code (ca. 1860 B.C.), the Laws of Eshnunna (ca. 1950 B.C.) and the even earlier Ur-Nammu code have refuted these claims.” Cited in Ken Boa and Larry Moody, I’m Glad You Asked (Wheaton, IL: Victor, 1977), 97.
- Paul Johnson, A History of the Jews (New York: Harper, 1988), 27.
- Biblical Archaeology Society Staff, “The Tel Dan Inscription: The First Historical Evidence for King David from the Bible,” Bible History Daily, September 17, 2014, http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-artifacts/artifacts-and-the-bible/the-tel-dan-inscription-the-first-historical-evidence-of-the-king-david-bible-story/.
- Lazar Berman, “Archaeologists Say They Have Found One of King David’s Palaces,” The Times of Israel, July 18, 2013, http://www.timesofisrael.com/archaeologists-say-one-of-king-davids-palaces-found/.
- Paul Johnson, “A Historian Looks at Jesus,” speech to Dallas Seminary, 1986.
- Bruce M. Metzger, The Text of the New Testament(New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), 39.
- Owen Jarus, “Mummy Mask May Reveal Oldest Known Gospel,” Live Science, January 18, 2014, http://www.livescience.com/49489-oldest-known-gospel-mummy-mask.html.Note: Craig Evans, an expert on ancient texts, says, “A combination of carbon-14 dating, of studying the handwriting on the fragment and studying the other documents found along with the gospel…led the researchers to conclude that the fragment was written before the year 90.”
- Metzger, 36–41.
- http://normgeisler.com/articles/Bible/Reliability/Norman%20Geisler%20-%20Updating%20the%20Manuscript%20Evidence%20for%20the%20New%20Testament.pdf.
- Ibid.
- John A. T. Robinson, Can We Trust the New Testament?(Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1977), 36.
- Cited in Norman L. Geisler and Frank Turek, I Don’t Have Enough Faith to Be an Atheist (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2004), 243.
- William F. Albright, “Toward a More Conservative View,” Christianity Today, January 18, 1993, 3.
- http://y-jesus.com/wwrj/1-jesus-real-person/.
- Rene Salm, “The Myth of Nazareth: The Invented Town of Jesus. Does it Really Matter?” December 22, 2009, http://www.nazarethmyth.info/naz2article.html.
- Associated Press, “First Jesus-Era House Discovered in Nazareth,” December 22, 2009.
- N. S. Gill, “Pontius Pilate,” About Education, http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/pontiuspilate/g/PontiusPilate.htm.
- Jennifer Walsh, “Ancient Bone Box Might Point to Biblical Home of Caiaphas,” com,August 31, 2011, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/44347890/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/ancient-bone-box-might-point-biblical-home-caiaphas/.
- Cited in Geisler and Turek, I Don’t Have Enough Faith, 256.
- Cited in Josh McDowell,The New Evidence That Demands a Verdict(Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1999), 61.
- Johnson, “A Historian Looks at Jesus.”
- Cited in “Are the Gospels True?” Y-Jesus, http://y-jesus.com/wwrj/4-are-gospels-true/1/.
- Cited in McDowell,
- Peter Steinfels, “Jesus Died – And Then What Happened?” New York Times,April 3, 1988, E9.
- C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity (San Francisco, CA: Harper, 2001), 170.
- James Kennedy and Jerry Newcombe, What If the Bible Had Never Been Written?(Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1998), 213.
- McDowell, 12–13.
- Deuteronomy 18:20-22.
- Romans 3:29, NLT.
- Deuteronomy 28:1, 15, 64, NCV.
- Amos 9:14-15, NCV.
- Ezekiel 36:16-23; Luke 21:24.
- Jeremiah 9:16.
- “Jerusalem,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem.
- Johnson, History of the Jews, 4.
- Ray C. Stedman, God’s Loving Word(Grand Rapids, MI: Discovery House, 1993), 50.
- Isaiah 52:13—53:12; Zechariah 12—14.
- Isaiah 9:6, NIV
- Isaiah 7:14.
- Jeremiah 23:5.
- Micah 5:2.
- Isaiah 53:3.
- Psalm 41:9.
- Zechariah 11:12.
- Isaiah 53:7.
- Zechariah 12:10.
- Isaiah 53:12.
- Isaiah 53:9.
- Psalm 16:10.
- Luke 19:10.
- Portions of Isaiah 53, NCV.
- Randall Price,The Stones Cry Out(Eugene, OR: Harvest House, 1997), 280.
- McDowell, 79.
- “Isaiah 53: How Do the Rabbis Interpret This?” Hear Now! http://www.hearnow.org/isa_com.html.
- Rachmiel Frydland, “The Rabbis’ Dilemma: A Look at Isaiah 53,” Jews for Jesus, http://www.jewsforjesus.org/publications/issues/v02-n05/isaiah53.(For more detail see http://wisdomintorah.s3.amazonaws.com/medialibrary/Isaiah-53-Rabbis-Commentaries.pdf)
- Zechariah 12:10, NLT.
- “Did Jesus Claim to Be God?” Y-Jesus, http://y-jesus.com/more/jcg-jesus-claim-god/.
- http://sciencespeaks.dstoner.net/Christ_of_Prophecy.html.
- John 19:34.
- Acts 1:11, NCV.
- Henrietta C. Mears, What the Bible Is All About, ed. (Ventura, CA: Regal, 1983), 291.
- Zechariah 14:2-3, 9, NCV.
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tyndale
- 2 Timothy 3:16.
- Ibid., 24.
- Cited in https://abrahamlincolnandthecivilwar.wordpress.com/2014/09/07/baltimore-black-delegation-gives-president-lincoln-a-bible/.
- John 3:16.
Is the Bible Historically Reliable?
- http://www.timesofisrael.com/archaeologists-say-one-of-king-davids-palaces-found/.
- Paul Johnson, A Historian Looks at Jesus, speech to Dallas Seminary, 1986.
- Matthew 4:4, 7, 10.
- John 5:39.
- John 17:17.
- 2 Timothy 3:16.
- 2 Peter 1:21.
- Bruce M. Metzger, The Text of the New Testament (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), 38.
- Quoted in Erwin Lutzer, The Da Vinci Deception (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale, 2004), xix.
- Quoted in F. F. Bruce, The New Testament Documents: Are they Reliable? (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1997), 20.
- Johnson, Ibid.
- http://y-jesus.com/wwrj/4-are-gospels-true/1/.
Did the Old Testament Accurately Predict Jesus as the Messiah?
- Ray C. Stedman, God’s Loving Word (Grand Rapids, MI: Discovery House, 1993), 50.
- Isaiah 52:13—53:12; Zechariah 12—14.
- Isaiah 9:6, NIV
- Isaiah 7:14.
- Jeremiah 23:5.
- Micah 5:2.
- Isaiah 53:3.
- Psalm 41:9.
- Zechariah 11:12.
- Isaiah 53:7.
- Zechariah 12:10.
- Isaiah 53:12.
- Isaiah 53:9.
- Psalm 16:10.
- Luke 19:10.
- Portions of Isaiah 53, NCV.
- Randall Price, The Stones Cry Out (Eugene, OR: Harvest House, 1997), 280.
- McDowell, 79.
- “Isaiah 53: How Do the Rabbis Interpret This?” Hear Now! http://www.hearnow.org/isa_com.html.
- Rachmiel Frydland, “The Rabbis’ Dilemma: A Look at Isaiah 53,” Jews for Jesus, http://www.jewsforjesus.org/publications/issues/v02-n05/isaiah53.
- Zechariah 12:10, NLT.
- “Did Jesus Claim to Be God?” Y-Jesus, http://y-jesus.com/more/jcg-jesus-claim-god/.
- John 19:34.
Does the Bible Foretell Future Events Accurately?
- D. James Kennedy and Jerry Newcombe, What If The Bible Had Never Been Written? (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1998), 213.
- Josh McDowell, The New Evidence That Demands A Verdict (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999), 12-13.
- Portions of Deuteronomy 28, NCV.
- Amos 9:14-15, NCV.
- Ezekiel 36:16-23; Luke 21:24.
- Jeremiah 9:16.
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem.
- Paul Johnson, A History of the Jews (New York: Harper, 1988), 4.
Is the Bible’s Portrayal of People, Places and Events Accurate?
- Paul Johnson, A History of the Jews (New York: Harper, 1988), 27.
- R.K. Harrison, Introduction to the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1969), 201.
- “The discovery of the codified Laws of Hammurabi (ca. 1700 B.C.), the Lipit-Ishtar code (ca. 1860 B.C.) the Laws of Eshnunna (ca. 1950 B.C,) and the even earlier Ur-Nammu code have refuted these claims.” Cited in Ken Boa & Larry Moody, I’m Glad You Asked (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1977), 97.
- Johnson, Ibid.
- http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-artifacts/artifacts-and-the-bible/the-tel-dan-inscription-the-first-historical-evidence-of-the-king-david-bible-story/.
- http://www.timesofisrael.com/archaeologists-say-one-of-king-davids-palaces-found/.
- Paul Johnson, A Historian Looks at Jesus, speech to Dallas Seminary, 1986.